What maternal condition is often associated with large for gestational age infants?

Maternal diabetes, particularly gestational diabetes and pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes, is closely linked to the occurrence of large for gestational age (LGA) infants. When a mother has diabetes, elevated blood glucose levels can lead to increased insulin production in the fetus. This excess insulin stimulates fetal growth, resulting in heavier birth weights, which is characteristic of LGA.

In contrast, conditions such as gestational hypertension, maternal anemia, and preeclampsia are not typically associated with LGA. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia can lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rather than promoting excessive growth. Maternal anemia is also known to potentially result in lower birth weights due to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus. Therefore, maternal diabetes stands out as the most significant factor contributing to large for gestational age infants.